By definition, a hybrid is a four-port directional coupler with a -3dB coupling coefficient. It is theoretically matched at all four ports and has two ports where pair members are isolated from each other.

Hybrid Parameters

Isolation

The difference in dB of the signal level measured between output ports with the input port properly terminated.

VSWR

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio is a measure of the deviation of impedance from the characteristic impedance of the power divider.

Phase Balance

The maximum peak-to-peak difference in phase (in degrees) between the outports of the power divider over the specified frequency range.

Input Power

The maximum power that may be supplied to the input port with all outports properly terminated.

Insertion Loss

The net unrecoverable power loss in dB based on one way transmission through the power divider.

end faq